GHSA-9q4r-4842-93vw

Trigger.dev: Cross-tenant SQL injection in the TSQL query compiler (POST /api/v1/query) via unsanitized window-function name

Published

2026-10-02

Modified

2026-10-02

Sources

github-advisory

Summary

### Summary A cross-tenant SQL injection in the TSQL query compiler lets **any authenticated trigger.dev customer read every other tenant's analytics data**. The customer-facing query endpoint `POST /api/v1/query` accepts a TSQL/TRQL query that is compiled to ClickHouse SQL by `internal-packages/tsql`. The compiler parameterizes or escapes all user input and injects a per-tenant `WHERE` guard — **except the window-function name**, which is concatenated into the SQL string with no allowlist and no escaping. By smuggling a backtick-quoted identifier into that position, an attacker injects a raw subquery (e.g. `(SELECT ... FROM task_runs_v2 WHERE organization_id = 'org_VICTIM')`) that sits **outside** the tenant guard, exfiltrating another organization's rows. Verified end-to-end against the real compiler and a live ClickHouse. ### Details **Vulnerable sink** — `internal-packages/tsql/src/query/printer.ts:3073-3075`, `ClickHousePrinter.visitWindowFunction`: ```ts private visitWindowFunction(node: WindowFunction): string { const args = node.args ? node.args.map((a) => this.visit(a)) : []; const funcCall = `${node.name}(${args.join(", ")})`; // <-- node.name concatenated RAW ... } ``` `node.name` is emitted directly into the SQL with **no allowlist check and no identifier escaping**. This is the only place in the compiler where an attacker-influenced identifier reaches the output unguarded: - The normal function-call path `visitCall` (`printer.ts:2951`) throws `Unknown function` for any name outside the hardcoded `TSQL_CLICKHOUSE_FUNCTIONS` / `TSQL_AGGREGATIONS` allowlists — **this gate is absent on the window-function path**. - String constants are bound as ClickHouse `query_params` (parameterized). - Other identifiers go through `escapeClickHouseIdentifier`. - Table functions (`url()/file()/remote()/s3()`) are rejected. A **backtick-quoted identifier** is accepted by the lexer and **unescaped** into `node.name` by `visitIdentifier` (the backticks are stripped and the inner text is unescaped), so arbitrary characters — spaces, `(`, `)`, `,`, `'`, a full subquery — become the "function name" and are printed verbatim. **How it bypasses tenant isolation.** Multi-tenancy is enforced only by `enforcedWhereClause`, which is attached to the **outer** table's `WHERE` (`organization_id`/`project_id`/`environment_id` taken from the caller's API key). An injected **subquery** has no such guard, so it reads across all tenants. **Reachability** — `apps/webapp/app/routes/api.v1.query.ts`: - `body.query` is a raw `z.string()`. - Auth is any environment-scoped credential — a private API key or a public JWT — i.e. **any signed-up customer**. - The route's authorization (`detectTables(body.query)` + `everyResource`) only authorizes the **outer `FROM` table** the caller is legitimately allowed to read. The injection rides in the SELECT/window position, so it is invisible to that check. - `executeQuery` passes the caller's `organizationId/projectId/environmentId` into the enforced `WHERE`. The compiled `sql` string is then sent to ClickHouse (`internal-packages/clickhouse/src/client/tsql.ts`) with the injected subquery embedded **in the SQL string itself** (not in bound params), so ClickHouse executes it. ### PoC Reproduced in two stages: (1) the project's real `compileTSQL` emits the injection; (2) a live ClickHouse executes it and returns another tenant's data. **1. Attacker TSQL input** (sent as the `query` field to `POST /api/v1/query` with any valid API key / JWT, authenticated here as `tenant1`): ```sql SELECT `count() OVER (), (SELECT groupArray(payload) FROM trigger_dev.task_runs_v2 WHERE organization_id = 'org_OTHER_TENANT') AS stolen, dummy(`() OVER () AS x FROM task_runs ``` **2. Compiled ClickHouse SQL emitted by `compileTSQL` (verbatim):** ```sql SELECT count() OVER (), (SELECT groupArray(payload) FROM trigger_dev.task_runs_v2 WHERE organization_id = 'org_OTHER_TENANT') AS stolen, -- INJECTED,

Affected packages

Remediation: Upgrade to 4.5.6 or later.

References

• https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-9q4r-4842-93vw